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Vagus Nerve Stimulation

Revolutionizing the World of Pain Relief

The Poly Vagal approach is a new take on "fight or flight" vs. "Rest and Digest".

What You As a Patient Need to Know -

Top 5 Ways Muscle IQ Can Help Stimulate Your Vagus Nerve

  • Non-Invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation

    • Vagus Nerve Stimulation with electrical stimulation devices at the neck or ear​

    • Vagus Nerve Stimulation has been recently approved by the FDA in the US for therapeutic use.

      • To apply electrical stimulation to the auricular branch of the Vagus nerve, the location could either be the cymba conchae or tragus as these have the most vagus fibers.

      • The stimulation pattern determines whether you are activating the parasympathetic nervous system or the sympathetic nervous system.

      • The higher stimulation frequencies of 20-25 Hz are best for stimulating the 

  • Breath Low and Slow

    • Physical therapists often teach diaphragmatic breathing (deep belly breathing) to engage the vagus nerve. This involves slow, controlled inhalation through the nose, allowing the diaphragm to expand, followed by a long, gentle exhalation. A therapist can guide proper technique, ensuring optimal diaphragm movement and breath control to activate the vagus nerve, reduce stress, and improve heart rate variability.

  • Tactile Vagus Nerve Stimulation

    • Neck (Carotid Sheath Area): Gentle massage or light pressure along the sides of the neck, near the sternocleidomastoid muscle, stimulates the vagus nerve to promote relaxation and parasympathetic activity.

    • Ear (Auricular Branch): Light massage or pressure on the tragus and cymba conchae of the outer ear targets the auricular branch of the vagus nerve, commonly used in auricular therapy or transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS).

    • Jaw (Masseter and Temporomandibular Joint Area): Gentle massage of the masseter muscle or temporomandibular joint (TMJ) area reduces tension and indirectly stimulates the vagus nerve through relaxation of craniofacial muscles, enhancing parasympathetic activity.

    • Upper Chest and Clavicle Area: Light touch or myofascial release in the upper chest and collarbone region indirectly stimulates the vagus nerve’s thoracic branches, supporting vagal tone and calming the nervous system.

    • Abdominal Region (Visceral Connections): Gentle abdominal massage or visceral manipulation around the stomach and diaphragm stimulates vagal fibers, aiding digestion and relaxation.

    • (Note: Always consult a healthcare professional, such as a physical therapist, for safe and effective application of these techniques.)​

  • Cervical Spine and Neck Mobility Exercises

    • The vagus nerve exits the skull and travels through the neck. Physical therapists can design specific neck mobility and stretching exercises to reduce tension and improve alignment in the cervical spine. Gentle movements like neck rotations or chin tucks may indirectly stimulate the vagus nerve by reducing compression or irritation in the surrounding tissues.

  • Postural Training and Core Stabilization

    • Poor posture can affect vagus nerve function by compressing the nerve’s pathway. Physical therapists can assess and correct posture through targeted exercises that strengthen core muscles and improve spinal alignment. By optimizing posture, these exercises can support vagal tone and enhance parasympathetic activity.

  • Aerobic Exercise Program

    • Physical therapists can design individualized aerobic exercise programs, such as walking, cycling, or swimming, to stimulate the vagus nerve. Regular aerobic activity enhances heart rate variability and promotes parasympathetic activity, which is mediated by the vagus nerve. A therapist ensures exercises are tailored to the patient’s fitness level and health conditions, maximizing benefits while minimizing strain.

Note: Always consult a qualified physical therapist to tailor these techniques to your specific health conditions and needs, as improper application may be ineffective or unsafe.

Vagus Nerve Stimulation

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) can influence nerve activity and immune responses. Studies show it may reduce pain, epilepsy, and depression. The vagus nerve connects to brain areas involved in pain processing, and VNS’s anti-inflammatory effects may also help lessen pain. Both invasive and noninvasive VNS devices exist, with noninvasive ones, like those stimulating the ear or neck, being tested for chronic pain conditions such as fibromyalgia, abdominal pain, and headaches. This review summarizes research on VNS for chronic pain management and explores how it works to reduce pain.

What Physical Therapists Need to Know 

Reasons for Decreased Vagus Nerve Activity in Pain Patients

 

Decreased vagus nerve activity arises from chronic inflammation in conditions like fibromyalgia, impairing anti-inflammatory reflexes.    Poor posture, such as forward head positioning, mechanically stresses the nerve pathway.  Autonomic dysregulation from pain states blunts vagal responses, often linked to obesity or low physical activity.  This can manifest in gastrointestinal issues, further compounding pain cycles.

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Reasons for Decreased Parasympathetic Nervous System Activity in Painful Physical Therapy Patients

 

In chronic pain, parasympathetic activity decreases due to sympathetic dominance, heightening pain intensity in conditions like fibromyalgia or widespread pain.   Autonomic dysregulation from central nervous system changes reduces reactivity, limiting stress adaptation.    Self-reported pain symptoms correlate with lowered activity, possibly from inflammation or psychological factors.   This imbalance hinders pain processing and recovery in therapy.  

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Common Reasons for Low Heart Rate Variability in Physical Therapy Pain Patients

 

Low heart rate variability often reflects autonomic nervous system imbalance in chronic pain, commonly seen in conditions like fibromyalgia, low back pain, neck pain, and temporomandibular disorders.  Key factors include systemic inflammation, which exacerbates pain and reduces variability.  Chronic stress and psychological distress, such as anxiety or depression, contribute by maintaining a heightened sympathetic state.   Reduced physical activity limits vagal tone, worsening outcomes.  Other influences involve age-related declines or autonomic dysregulation from ongoing pain.  

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What is Heart Rate Variability (HRV)?

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Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a measurement of the state of sympathetic nervous system activity. Pain can trigger the “fight or flight” state. This can trigger increased tone in the body’s fascia, which can increase pain in body parts that are already painful. Knowing the state of your patient can help tell you when to add some treatment focus to the patient’s Nervous System. This will decrease fascia tone globally, helping reduce tightness and pain. Studies show people with chronic pain have a lower HRV than those without pain. (See links in comments below). The Apple Watch measures HRV using the SDNN. SDNN stands for Standard Deviation of Normal-to-Normal Intervals. It’s a time-domain measure of heart rate variability (HRV) that reflects the overall variability in the time intervals between consecutive heartbeats, indicating autonomic nervous system balance, the balance between your sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. There are specific things we can do to improve Vagus nerve (parasympathetic) activity.

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There currently is no universally accepted standard scale for HRV from normal to abnormal exists due to variability in measurement protocols, populations, and devices. However, general guidelines based on professional consensus include:

  • Normal HRV (healthy adults, 5-min supine recordings):​

    • SDNN: 35–70 ms

  • Abnormal HRV:

    • SDNN <30 ms often indicates autonomic dysfunction, linked to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or high stress.

    • Extremely low HRV (e.g., SDNN <20 ms) is a strong predictor of mortality post-myocardial infarction.

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